Process of and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils in the vapor phase



March 2, 1937. A. P. SACHS 2,072,131 A PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING HYDROCARBON OILS IN THE VAPOR PHASE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 18, 1932 12 GASfar CRACK/N6.

INVENTOR ALBERT Pine/7's BY ms ATTORNEY 1 2 3 1 a 7 e 2 h 0 s 1 t 2 e e h S G N 2 I T R E V March 2, 1937. I A, P SACHS PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR cou mnnoczmaon olLs IN THE VAPOR PHASE Filed Feb. 18, 1932 INVENTOR ALamr P ACH$ BY HIS ATTORNEY retested Ma. 2, 1937' V vheat units in a reaction chamberof a size sufiicient .to permit the conversion reaction 'to proceed r OFFlCE:

PaocEss OFHAIND QAPPARATUQS ron CON- vnn'rmo HYDROCARBON OILS; n 'THE.

, vAPon PHASE Albert P. Sachs, Brooklyn; N. Y; ,assig'nor etrolenmflonversion Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware -Application February l8 1932, Serial No. 593,723 I is m at.

The present invention relates to improvements in process of and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils in the vapor phase. The invention relates to the typeof cracking process and apparatus "exemplified by United States application Serial No. 65,906, filed October 31, 1925, now Patent No. 1,842,318, issued January 19;11932, in which the conversion is eflected by vaporizing the oil, and then mingling the vapor with a heated heat-carrier gas of suificient temperature and to the desired point of completion.

In the reaction chamber the temperature changes in a vertical direction bothbecause the reaction of cracking'ls endothermic and'iurther because of radiation. Similarly, if the temperatures be plotted in a horizontal direction through the chamber, there will be a drop in temperature from the center'oi the chamber tothe periphery which is due substantially entirely to radiation.

This condition maybe otherwise expressed by saying that a descending temperature gradient occurs in a horizontaldirection outwardly of the chamber. It is the object of thepresent invention to compensate for this loss due'to radiation 1 whereby the temperature gradient will eitherbe Zero or will be reversed, i. e.,will ascend slightlyin a direction outwardly of the chamber.

For the carrying out of my invention I have provided'a form of reaction chamber which is provided with heating surfaces which are maintained. at a slightly higher temperature than the temperature of the reacting materials. Preferably,

I modify the reaction chamber heretofore in which consists of a cylindrical shell having a heat insulating lining-by providing an internal shell which now constitutes the reaction chamber U proper, such inner shell being spaced from the refractory lining and forming with the refrac tory lining ajacket through which a heating fiuid,as for example gases of combustion having a temperature slightly. above the temperature of the reacting materials, may be circulated. Al

ternatively, I may modify the usiial reaction chamber by incorporating therein a series of coils transversely of the direction of flow of the chamber and through these coils circulate the heating "medium; I have also devised a novel construction inwhich the inner shell of the form first described is integral with the dome of the reac tion chamber.

My invention will be best understood by realerence to the following detailed description taken with the annexed drawings, in which fied construction; '10

a-modiflcation in which he vided; and v Figure 6 is a view ln hO1iZ0nllfl1 section taken along the line e-e oi. Figure'ifi; l5 Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, ill denotes anextcrior shell of a reaction chamber which has a refractory lining ll. Leading into the top oi the chamber are the pipe i 2 for I theheatedheat-carrier gas and a small pipe M 20 for the vapor to be cracked. The two fiuidsmingle in the neck or nipple it and the mixture enters the chamber through a perforated member ii.

Within the reaction chamber and spaced slightly irointhe insulation li a further shell 2G 25 preferably offmetal, is provided which receives the mingled fluids from member ii and is con-. structed to constitute a space between it and the lining i i through which space an auxiliary heating fluid may be circulated. Such an auxiliary so -heating fluid isadmltted through a pipe M to.

bustle pipe reams thence into the space between the members i i and it by means of the connec- I tions 2?. The gass'o introduced passes downwardly through the jacket and out through radial 35 pipes 29 joining the lower bustle pipe 38, which latter is provided with a conduit 3 l. V The gas and (now converted) vapor mixture within the reaction chamber proper leaves this chamber through a conduit33. The shell Ed is held in place partly 40 by its connection with the perforated member ll and by other spacing members, not shown, which are located between the two shells. In Figure 4 I show a modified construction in ating' coils are prowith the internal shell 31 of the reaction cha nber. Over the lower portion of the dome 35 fits asealing member 39 which is joined to the outer shell3l, such member 39 forming a sliding joint 50 arranged aroundthe periphery of the shell 4| .55

Figure 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 of" Y which the dome 35 of the chamber isintegral 451 externally heated.

and provide for the: admission of gas to withinthe shell. a

In Figures 5 and 6 I have provided a construction. in which a plurality of heating coils 'are substituted for the. jacket. In these'flgures, 50 denotes a supply conduit for heated gases, which conduit is joined by'coils 52, 53, 54, 55 arranged chamher having a dome of metal and comprising a metallic shell and a refractory lining therefor,-

a shell spaced from said refractory lining constituting the reaction chamber proper and forminspaced relation throughout the reaction chamber, such coils also being connected with an exit conduit 5! which conveniently is of increasing diameter in an upper direction as shown.v

In operation, oil vapor superheated to a tern? perature say of 850 F. is mingled with the heatcarrier gas having a temperature of around 1200 F'., the initial temperature of the mixture being 960 F. The temperature of .the gas fed to the jacket maybe from 5 to 15 f higher than this, thereby causing the temperature gradient in. a horizontal direction to lead into the reaction chamber instead of out of it as would occur if the jacket were not employed. In this manner a loss due to radiation is compensated for whereby the reaction undergone by the oil vapor is made more uniform throughout the chamber.

As a source of the heating gas for the jacket, I employ preferably gases of combustion "whose temperature is carefully regulated by means not a part of this invention.

I claim:

ing with said refractory lining a heating jacket 'for the reaction chamber proper, said inner shell being extended. upwardly so as to be integral with the. metal of said dome, means for admit-j ting at the top of said reaction chamber proper the oil vapor to. be converted and theheat-carrier gas, and means for removing fromthe chamfor converting hydrocarbons in the "vapor phase, an elongated reaction her at the other'end thereof the converted prod;

ucts such arrangement'permittingthe reaction chamber proper to have amovement of expansion or contraction with referencetosald jacket.

4. The method according to claim 1 in which said heating surfaces are'heated by means of a gas having a temperature from 5 to F. higher thanthe temperaturewithin thereaction zone.

' 5. In the method ofconverting hydrocarbons in the vapor phase, the steps which consist in establishing a reaction-zone, admitting to said zone the vapor of the oil to be converted, also admitting to said zone the heated heat-carrier gas containing sumcient heat units to accom- 1. In the method of converting hydrocarbons in the vapor phase, the steps which consist in establishing a reaction zone, admitting to said zone the vapor-of the oil to be converted, also admitting to saidzone the heated heat-carrier gas containing sufiicient heat to accomplish the conversion of the vapors so admitted, permitting the conversion reaction to'take place throughout the lengthfof the reaction zone and supplying heat to said zone in a quantity not substantially greater than that necessary to compensate for loss by radiation by maintaining metal heating surfaces in. said zone at a slightly higher .tem-' perature than the temperature of the reacting materials said reaction zone being otherwise non- 2. In the method of converting hydrocarbons in the vapor phase, the steps which-consist in establishing a reaction zone of non-insulating material, admitting to said zone the vapor of {reaction to take place throughout the length of the vapors so admitted, permitting the conversion thereaction zone and providing a surrounding zone of slightly -higher temperature, just sufflcient to create a temperature gradient leading into the reactionfzon'e rather tlfan .out of itfsaidire plish. the conversion of the vapors so admitted, the mixture thus formedhaving an initial temperature of approximately 960 permitting the conversion reaction to takeplace throughout the length of the reaction zone and supplying heat to said zone in a quantity not substantially greater than that necessary to compensate for loss by radiation y maintaining metal heating surfaces in said zone at a higher temperature than; the temperature of the reacting materials, said metal heating surfaces being heated by means of a gas having a temperature approximately 15 F. higher than the temperature with in the reaction zone.

6. In 'the method of converting hydrocarbons in the va'porphase, the steps which'consist in establishing a reaction zone of non-insulating material, admitting to saidzone the vapor of the oil. to-be'converted, also admitting to said 'zone the heated heat-carrier gas containing suflicient heat units 'to accomplish the conversion of the ing an initial temperature of approximately 960 F., permitting the conversion reaction to take vapors so admitted, the mixture thus formed havplace throughout the length of the reaction-zone J 'and providing a surrounding zone of higher temperature just suflicle'nt to create a temperature gradient of approximately 15 F. into the reaction zone rather than outfof it. I

"ALBERT PLSACHSP 

